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CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q82-Q87):
NEW QUESTION # 82
Collaborative approach in negotiation not only can fully satisfies the concerns of both, but also ensure that neither party will seek to be opportunistic in later time during the life of the contract. Is this statement true?
- A. Yes, because both parties have well understood each other's goals when they engage in collaborative negotiation
- B. Yes, because all parties must have exactly the same goals in integrative negotiation
- C. No, because any party may leverage its own advantage during the contract
- D. No, because the parties will always find a compromise solution in integrative approach
Answer: C
Explanation:
Integrative, interest-based negotiation can facilitate constructive, positive relationship and establish contracts between parties on a foundation of goodwill. It is important to note it can only facilitate these positive outcomes, it does not guarantee that the other party will not seek to be opportunistic at a later time during the life of the contract. Previous knowledge of the behaviours of the other party regarding honouring contractual and other commitments will be useful here in predicting long-term outcomes, not ensuring that they will not leverage their advantages.
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of thefollowing is an objective of proposing phase?
- A. Create atmosphere conducive to agreement
- B. Start making tentative offers
- C. Check hypothesis and assumptions
- D. Trade concessions
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the study guide, CIPS lists 5 stages of an negotiation:
The opening phase: confirm understanding and get the issues on the table. At this stage, both parties should check agenda, authority and create atmosphere conducive to agreement The testing phase is an information gathering stage where the hypothesis and assumptions you have made in the planning stage can be tested and confirmed or disconfirmed The proposing phase: Both sides may start making tentative proposals regarding their offering.
The bargaining phase: Both parties trade concessions; the preliminary stages are over and proposals move from being tentative and general to being more definite and specific.
The agreement and closing phase: both parties should seek agreement or if TOP does not have the final authority, some sort of acknowledgement of what key terms are should be sought.
NEW QUESTION # 84
An oil refinery plant imports much of its crude oil from overseas. A procurement manager in the refinery suggests that fixing the crude oil contract price for 36 monthswould be beneficial for the company. Would this be a right thing to do?
- A. Yes, financial budgeting task would be a lot easier with fixed pricing arrangement
- B. No, fixed price should be only applied to contracts that last 60 months or longer
- C. No, the refinery would not be able to reap the benefits from falling commodity price and currency rates
- D. Yes, the supplier would bear the risk when the material price increased
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Fixed price contract is the contract in which the price is static throughout the contract period. A fixed-price contract may give certainty to budget and simplify contract management. However, it may lead to other problems since it requires bidders to estimate and bear the financial risks associated with price escalations. If the estimates are too high or events do not materialize, the buyer will pay a steep price that may affect the economy and efficiency of the contract. In the worst case, it may mean that the bid price is then above budget and may lead to a reduction in the requirements or rebidding. If the estimates are too low, it may appear as an abnormally low bid and disrupt contract execution.
On the other hand, price adjustment provisions include formulas designed to address problems, and can protect both theborrower and contractors from price fluctuations. Price adjustment formulas allow contractors to offer more realistic prices at the time of bidding. Despite concerns that they may lead to budget uncertainties, price adjustment formulas will estimate the actual cost implications that will be encountered. They use indexes that can be used for cost projection.
According to Asia Development Bank (ADB), any contract with a delivery or completion period beyond 18 months should contain an appropriate price adjustment clause.
In the scenario, the crude oil contract is planned to last 36 months. This period is pretty long with a fluctuating commodity. Therefore, the company should use price adjustment agreement.
NEW QUESTION # 85
A procurement professional is negotiating with a supplier on cleaning service. She realises that there are huge cost-saving opportunities if the supplier agrees to reduce its mark-up and unnecessary employee benefits.
Supplier's mark-up and employee benefits are examples of which of the following?
- A. Spend cube
- B. Addressable spend
- C. Spend waterfall
- D. Spend tree
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A key consideration when seeking to negotiate prices is to establish what proportion of the spend is addressable by procurement action such as negotiation. Addressability of spend is influenceable through negotiations or application of other saving effort or leverage with suppliers.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which type of power is considered the opposite of coercive power?
- A. Referent power
- B. Expert power
- C. Reward power
- D. Informational power
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The coercive power comes from the belief that a person can punishothers for non-compliance. It can be considered as opposite to reward power, which results from one person's ability to compensate or reward another for compliance.
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 87
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